Combined effect of Cu- and ZnO- NPs on antibiotic resistance genes in an estuarine water

Most studies of whether and how nanoparticles (NPs) affect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) focus on testing single NPs type. In this study, we determined the combined effect Cu- ZnO- in water samples collected from Yangtze River Estuary found differs greatly that produced by individual NPs. The results showed co-exposure resulted an enrichment ARGs, whereas exposure decreased abundance ARGs. Furthermore, induced obvious changes microbial communities compared to control communities. Redundancy analysis suggested community contributed most (43.5%) ARG profiles, followed dissolved metal ions (25.7%), MRGs, (19.4%), MGEs (4.4%). Network several potential hosts (such as Mycobacterium Escherichia coli ) implied extent risk transmission into various environmental niches these common microbes.